Our people could not talk with these white-faced men, but they used signs which all people understand.

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I saw clearly that war was upon us when I learned that my young men had been secretly buying ammunition.

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It required a strong heart to stand up against such talk, but I urged my people to be quiet and not to begin a war.

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Hear me, my chiefs I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

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We had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.

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A chief called Lawyer, because he was a great talker, took the lead in the council, and sold nearly all the Nez Perce country.

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I pressed my father's hand and told him I would protect his grave with my life. My father smiled and passed away to the spirit land.

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For a short time we lived quietly. But this could not last. White men had found gold in the mountains around the land of winding water.

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The white men told lies for each other. They drove off a great many of our cattle. Some branded our young cattle so they could claim them.

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We had good white friends who advised us against taking the war path. My friend and brother, Mr. Chapman, told us just how the war would end.

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